In a large pot of salted boiling water, cook the penne pasta according to package instructions until al dente. Drain and set aside, reserving 1 cup of pasta water.
In a large skillet over medium heat, heat the olive oil. Add minced garlic and sauté for 1-2 minutes, until fragrant but not browned.
Pour in the crushed tomatoes along with red pepper flakes and sugar. Stir to combine and simmer for about 10 minutes, allowing the sauce to reduce slightly.
Reduce the heat to low, and slowly stir in the heavy cream. Allow the sauce to simmer for another 5-7 minutes, stirring occasionally, until creamy and heated through.
Add the cooked penne pasta to the sauce, tossing to coat. If the sauce is too thick, gradually add some reserved pasta water until the desired consistency is reached.
Stir in the chopped basil and season with salt and black pepper to taste.
Divide the pasta among plates and sprinkle with grated Parmesan cheese before serving.